Symmetric lightweight cryptography: principles, approaches, and tradeoffs

This review is devoted to the development and standardization of lightweight symmetric cryptographic algorithms. The paper briefly describes the reasons for extracting lightweight cryptoalgorithms into a separate class of algorithms designated for use in devices with limited resources. The main directions of standardization of lightweight cryptoalgorithms are listed, both at the level of world and national standards of a number of countries. The main methods of developing lightweight cryptoalgorithms are described, both on the basis of existing general-purpose algorithms and original ones. In the final section, the main trends of the expected further development in the direction of lightweight symmetric cryptography are formulated, including possible deviation from universal lightweight cryptographic standards towards specialized ones, increasing requirements for lightweight cryptographic algorithms in terms of their cryptographic strength, and the formation of new applications of such algorithms, which may affect the methods of their development and the requirements imposed on them.