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This article is cited in 1 scientific paper (total in 1 paper)
Mathematical Methods of Cryptography
Distinguishing attack on four rounds of the Luby — Rackoff cipher by differentials of two-block texts
O. V. Denisov ООО «Инновационные телекоммуникационные технологии», г. Москва
Abstract:
We show that the Luby — Rackoff cipher (Feistel network with block length $n=2m$, random independent round functions $f^1,\ldots,f^R:\mathbb{Z}_2^m\to\mathbb{Z}_2^m$) is a Markov cipher. Matrices $\mathbb{P}^R$ of $R$-round transition probabilities of differentials have been found for $R=1,2,4$ and arbitrary $m$. Let $(p_2(\Delta y),y\in\mathbb{X}')$ be the conditional probability distribution of the 4-round output differential under the fixed input differential $\Delta x=(\Delta x_0,\Delta x_1)$, $p_1(\Delta y)=(M^2-1)^{-1}$ — the uniform distribution on the $\mathbb{X}'=\mathbb{Z}_2^{2m}\setminus\{\vec0\}$, $M=2^m$. We have obtained expressions for Kullback divergences between the distributions and prove that: 1) if $(\Delta x_0=0 \wedge \Delta x_1\ne 0) \vee (\Delta x_0\ne 0 \wedge \Delta x_1\ne 0)$, then $K(2:1)\sim (2\ln2-1)M^{-2}$, $K(1:2)\sim (1-\ln2) M^{-2}$ as $M\to\infty$; 2) if $\Delta x_0\ne 0, \Delta x_1=0$, then $K(2:1)\sim (2\ln2-1)M^{-1}$, $K(1:2)\sim (1-\ln2) M^{-1}$. Therefore, in the second case distinguishing attack (based on the statistics of the logarithm of the likelihood ratio in the model of independent two-block texts) will be more powerful. In particular, for error probabilities $\alpha=\beta=0{,}1$ and large $M$, the average values of text amounts are approximately equal $T_1(M)=\dfrac{0{,}8\ln9}{1-\ln2}M=5{,}72 M$, $T_2(M)=\dfrac{0{,}8\ln9}{2\ln2-1}M=4{,}55 M$. In statistical experiments for $12\le n\le 44$ empirical probabilities of errors are close to the specified $\alpha,\beta$ and amounts of texts are close to the calculated values $T_1(M),T_2(M)$.
Keywords:
Markov cipher, Feistel network, Luby — Rackoff cipher, Kullback divergence, sequential distinguishing attack.
Citation:
O. V. Denisov, “Distinguishing attack on four rounds of the Luby — Rackoff cipher by differentials of two-block texts”, Prikl. Diskr. Mat. Suppl., 2023, no. 16, 32–36
Linking options:
https://www.mathnet.ru/eng/pdma602 https://www.mathnet.ru/eng/pdma/y2023/i16/p32
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Abstract page: | 51 | Full-text PDF : | 30 | References: | 10 |
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