Simulation of a homodyne quadrature displacement measuring interferometer

In this paper, based on the Jones matrix formalism, we describe the optical scheme of a single-pass homodyne displacement interferometer with a quadrature phase detection principle. The interferometer is built according to the Michelson scheme, and polarizing optical elements are used to obtain quadrature signals with a phase shift of 90$^{\circ}$. The interferometer is supposed to be used as part of a new Russian standard of the kilogram based on watt balance for precision measurements of the displacement and speed of the coil in the vertical direction. The results of modeling the optical scheme of the interferometer are considered in order to assess the effect on the measurement accuracy of the imperfection of the polarizing elements and their alignment. An algorithm for correction of nonlinearity arising in the quadratic detection of interference signals is also considered. The results of experimental testing of a homodyne displacement interferometer with a quadrature principle of phase registration are carried out.