Electrical and viscoelastic parameters of red blood cells in models for the diagnosis of adenomatous polyps and stages of colorectal cancer with optical detection of cells in non-uniform alternating electric field

Using the method of dielectrophoresis in an non-uniform alternating electric field with the help of the optical cell detection system, the electrical and viscoelastic parameters of red blood cells in the frequency range from 5 $\times$ 10$^{4}$ to 1 $\times$ 10$^{6}$ MHz were studied in 129 patients with colorectal cancer of various stages of the disease, 25 people with adenomatous polyps and 35 people of the comparison group. It is shown that the values of the physical characteristics of red blood cells differ significantly both when comparing control groups and patients with adenomatous polyps and patients with early stages of colorectal cancer, and when comparing patients with different stages of the oncological process with each other. The construction of SHAP graphs based on the electrical and viscoelastic parameters of red blood cells made it possible to achieve 100% diagnostic accuracy when distinguishing patients with adenomatous polyps, early stages of CRC from healthy individuals, 98.7% accuracy when differentiating patients with polyps from patients with early stages of CRC, 91.9% accuracy when distinguishing early and late stages of CRC. The results obtained demonstrate the high potential of the proposed method for screening and diagnosis of colorectal cancer.