The predecessor of Center, the Ulaanbaatar Observatory was established in 1957. Later in 1997 it was reorganized into the Center of Astronomy and Geophysics. The Center is conducting basic research activities in four fields, such as astrophysics, astrometry, seismology and geomagnetic investigation, within the directions of astronomy and geophysics.

In the future it is planned to develop technology and methods using automation of registering magnetic variation and to obtain the necessary data in real time, to improve reliability, precision of data, also introduce up-to-date equipment for exploration of solar terrestrial coupling and deep structure of Earth?s crust and upper mantle. As to theoretical investigation, it is necessary to create theoretical models of generation of geomagnetic field and its secular variation, as well as prediction of magnetic events on the basis of using other geophysical data.