Symmetries of Electrostatic Interaction between DNA Molecules

We study a model for pair interaction $U$ of DNA molecules generated by the discrete dipole moments of base-pairs and the charges of phosphate groups, and find noncommutative group of eighth order $\mathcal S$ of symmetries that leave $U$ invariant. We classify the minima using group $\mathcal S$ and employ numerical methods for finding them. The minima may correspond to several cholesteric phases, as well as phases formed by cross-like conformations of molecules at an angle close to $90^o$ , “snowflake phase”. The results depend on the effective charge $Q$ of the phosphate group which can be modified by the polycations or the ions of metals. The snowflake phase could exist for $Q$ above the threshold $Q_C$. Below $Q_C$ there could be several cholesteric phases. Close to $Q_C$ the snowflake phase could change into the cholesteric one at constant distance between adjacent molecules.