Determination of the most important parameters of a metal irradiated by an ultrashort laser pulse

Ultrashort laser pulses with a duration from several to about a thousand optical cycles have significant importance in modern science and engineering. Such a pulse transfers a metal to an excited two-temperature state with hot electrons where the temperature of the electron subsystem $T_e$ is much higher than the temperature of the ion subsystem $T_i$. The thermal conductivity in such systems differs from well-known reference values. The thermal conductivity $\kappa$ and the energy exchange rate between the electron and ion subsystems $\alpha$ are the key parameters of the two-temperature model, which are still poorly studied, although studies of these parameters, particularly $\alpha$, are numerous. New theoretical and experimental results that make it possible to determine the parameters $\kappa$ and $\alpha$ for gold have been reported in this work.