Scaling of cross sections for the production of K-vacancies in atomic collisions

A universal dependence (scaling) is proposed for estimating the cross sections for the production of K-vacancies in collisions of keV ions and atoms. The scaling is based on the studies of the spectra of inelastic losses, emission cross sections of characteristic Auger electrons, and radiation in the decay of K-vacancies. A formula is suggested for collisions of atoms with $Z>10$, which explains the ionization of the K-shell by the transitions due to the superpromotion of terms. The scaling phenomenon makes it possible to estimate the cross sections for the production of K-vacancies for as yet unexplored cases of atomic collisions and to approximately find in this way possible electron stopping powers in passage of ions through a solid body. It can also be used to determine the composition of matter under ion irradiation.