Electronic beam control and frequency scanning of graphene antenna arrays in the terahertz and far infrared frequency ranges

Background. The purpose of this work is to model the characteristics (the scattering matrix element $|S_{11}|$ and 2D-, 3D radiation patterns (RP)) of phased antenna arrays of graphene-based nanoribbon elements with a different number of emitters ($N = 16; 64; 256$) and its controllability under changing the chemical potential (application of an external electric field) in the terahertz (THz) and far infrared ranges (FIR) using the CST Studio Suite 2021 application software package. Materials and methods. The characteristics (scattering matrix and 2D-, 3D RP) of a graphene antenna and headlights from graphene nanoribbon elements with a different number of emitters ($N = 16; 64; 256$) and the controllability of the headlights from the value of the chemical potential ($\mu_c = 0.3; 0.7; 1$ eV) in the frequency range were simulated f = 6-40 THz by using the CST Studio Suite 2021 application software package. Results. As follows from the results of electrodynamic modeling, a change in the chemical potential of graphene leads to changes in the characteristics of the headlights - the width of the bottom of the main lobe at the level of half power $\Theta_{0,5}$ and amplitude, the level of the side lobes of the bottom, as well as the direction of the main lobe of the bottom and operating frequencies. Conclusions. Phased antenna arrays made of rectangular graphene nanoribbon elements are electrically controlled with frequency scanning by changing the chemical potential of $\mu$ c (application of an external electric field) in the THz far and middle FIR frequency ranges.