«Exotic» models of high-intensity wave physics: Linearizing equations, exactly solvable problems and non-analytic nonlinearities

Topic and aim. A brief review of publications and discussion of some mathematical models are presented, which, in the author’s opinion, are well-known only to a few specialists. These models are not well studied, despite their universality and practical significance. Since the results were published at different times and in different journals, it is useful to summarize them in one article. The goal is to form a general idea of the subject for the readers and to interest them with mathematical, physical or applied details described in the cited references. Investigated models. Higher-order dissipative models are discussed. Precisely linearizable equations containing nonanalytic nonlinearities – quadratically-cubic (QC) and modular (M) – are considered. Equations like Burgers, KdV, KZ, Ostrovsky–Vakhnenko, inhomogeneous and nonlinear integro-differential equations are analyzed. Results. The appearance of dissipative oscillations near the shock front is explained. The formation in the QC-medium of compression and rarefaction shocks, which are stable only for certain parameters of the «jump», as well as the formation of periodic trapezoidal sawtooth waves and self-similar N-pulse signals are described. Collisions of single pulses in the M-medium are discussed, revealing new corpuscular properties (mutual absorption and annihilation). Collisions are similar to interactions of clusters of chemically reacting substances, for example, fuel and oxidizer. The features of the behavior of «modular» solitons are described. The phenomenon of nonlinear wave resonance in media with QC-, Q- and M-nonlinearities is studied. Precisely linearizable inhomogeneous equations with external sources are used. The shift of maximum of resonance curves relative to the linear position, which is determined by the equality of velocities of freely propagating and forced waves, is indicated. Simplified models for diffracting beams obtained by projecting 3D equations onto the beam axis are analyzed. Strongly nonlinear waves in systems with holonomic constraints are discussed. Integro-differential equations with relaxation type kernel, and the possibility of reducing them to differential and differentialdifference equations are considered. Discussion. The material is outlined on a popular level. Apparently, these studies can be continued if the readers find them interesting enough.