On the physical basis of ultra-high-frequency electromagnetic wave gyroscopes based on the Sagnac effect

Background and Objectives: In the present paper the physical backgrounds of three types of microwave gyroscopes are presented. Materials and Methods: Using the relativistic approach the relations for output characteristics are derived to determine the main parameters and properties of the microwave gyro devices: voltage tuned magnetron (mitron) and microwave gyros based on the resonant cavity, and for microwave gyro with coil. Results and Conclusion: The results can be used to determine the main parameters of these devices and their properties. The calculated parameters are compared with the parameters and properties of Laser Gyros, Fiber Optics Gyros and with other types of gyros. The discussion of their realizations issues and subsequent applications at the moving objects is given.