The features of constellations’ formation and replenishment at near-circular orbits around the Earth, the Moon and Mars

The research is devoted to cost estimations of summary characteristic velocity (SCV) required for formation and replenishment of constellations functioning at circular and near-circular orbits. The SCV costs in case of different possible combinations of values of initial and final orbit parameters were investigated. The attendant effects were analyzed which if used allow SCV costs’ significant minimization. The analytical relations were found which determine a number of circuits at the drift orbit which is a compromise between time and SCV costs for coplanar transitions. The results can be used while projecting and exploiting different types of constellations and also in the flyby problem of large-size space debris.