Turbulence modeling approaches to prediction of the overexpanded supersonic nozzles side load

A simulation of gas flow in a overexpanded axisymmetric nozzle at a start-up stage is performed. The calculations exposed in this paper point out a side load phenomena. Computations are carried out with the use of the Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes $k$–$\omega$ SST model and Delayed Detached-Eddy Simulations (SST DDES). The results are discussed with respect to the turbulence modelling technique.