Problem-oriented verifying the completeness of temporal ontologies and filling conceptual lacunas

An approach to verify the completeness of ontologies and fill conceptual lacunas found in them is proposed. The approach is based on the following symbiotic information processes: goal-oriented discovering new knowledge using data, its representation in an ontology, and application of the ontology to solve a problem. In the process of its solving, the completeness of the ontology is verified and its conceptual lacunas found during solving the problem are registered and filled. The personal, collective, and conventional levels of knowledge representation in ontologies are discussed. The approach allows one to find conceptual lacunas at the conventional level of ontologies and fill them at their personal and/or collective levels, if for discovering new knowledge its potential sources are available. The purpose of the paper is to consider the model of symbiotic information processes. The developed model is a generalized flowchart that implements the proposed approach. The flowchart serves as the basis for computerization of symbiotic processes. The model description is illustrated by an example of finding conceptual lacunas in a linguistic typology and filling them with the concepts of new knowledge discovered using text data.