Architectural decisions in the problem of identification of fraud in the analysis of information flows in digital economy

An approach to a research of some types of fraud in digital economy with the usage of relationships of cause and effect is formulated. In all types of the considered frauds, the discrepancy between the purposes of financial transactions and actual cost of achievement of these purposes has to be observed. Data on transactions can be collected by observing information flows in which these transactions are reflected. The architecture of data collection and their analysis can be organized by means of the distributed ledgers with the centralized consensus that allows creating an analog of the electronic account book fixing financial and economic activity of subjects of digital economy in the region. The methods of fraud identification considered are based on the contradictions between actions described in transactions and information, which is contained in plans, standards, precedents, etc. The method based on a simplified scheme of implementation of the abstract project is considered. For identification of contradictions, it is necessary to carry out the analysis from the effect to the cause, i. e., to look for anomalies in information describing the generation of the observed effects. It is shown how in implementation of the project it is possible to allocate simple “necessary conditions” of violation of cause and effect relationships, i. e., a set of “necessary conditions” violation of which demonstrates fraud existence. It is possible to call this set of "necessary conditions" by metadata for control of the project for fraud identification.