Nonnegative matrices as a tool to model population dynamics: Classical models and contemporary expansions

Matrix models of age- or/and stage-structured populations rest upon the Perron–Frobenius theorem for nonnegative matrices, and the life cycle graph for individuals of a given biological species plays a major role in model construction and analysis. A summary of classical results in the theory of matrix models for population dynamics is presented, and generalizations are proposed, which have been motivated by a need to account for an additional structure, i.e., to classify individuals not only by age, but also by an additional (discrete) characteristic: size, physiological status, stage of development, etc.