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Foundations of Physics. An International Journal Devoted to the Conceptual Bases and Fundamental Theories of Modern Physics, 2014, Volume 44, Issue 4, Pages 389–405 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs10701-014-9786-0
(Mi fph1)
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This article is cited in 6 scientific papers (total in 6 papers)
Photon flux and distance from the source: consequences for quantum communication
A. Khrennikova, B. Nilssona, S. Nordebob, I. Volovichc a International Center for Mathematical Modeling in Physics, Engineering, Economics, and Cognitive Science, Department of Mathematics, Linnaeus University, SE-351 95 Växjö, Sweden
b Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering, Linnaeus University,
SE-351 95 Växjö, Sweden
c Steklov Mathematical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences,
Gubkin St. 8, 119991 Moscow, Russia
Abstract:
The paper explores the fundamental physical principles of quantum mechanics (in fact, quantum field theory) that limit the bit rate for long distances and examines the assumption used in this exploration that losses can be ignored. Propagation of photons in optical fibers is modelled using methods of quantum electrodynamics. We define the “photon duration” as the standard deviation of the photon arrival time; we find its asymptotics for long distances and then obtain the main result of the paper: the linear dependence of photon duration on the distance when losses can be ignored. This effect puts the limit to joint increasing of the photon flux and the distance from the source and it has consequences for quantum communication. Once quantum communication develops into a real technology (including essential decrease of losses in optical fibres), it would be appealing to engineers to increase both the photon flux and the distance. And here our “photon flux/distance effect” has to be taken into account. This effect also may set an additional constraint to the performance of a loophole free test of Bell’s type—to close jointly the detection and locality loopholes.
Received: 18.09.2013 Revised: 22.02.2014
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