Temperature measurement of the shaped-charge jet from a conical liner

To measure the temperature of shaped-charge jets, we fabricated three-layer copper–copper–Constantan liners consisting of a solid copper conical shell with a cone angle of 45$^\circ$ and a wall 1.5 mm thick and a shell pressed into it and rolled from a 1.0 mm thick copper sheet clad on the inside with a Constantan layer 0.5 mm thick by explosive welding. Then, the Constantan layer was partially removed so that only the upper third of the inner surface of the shells remained lined with Constantan. The thickness of the Constantan layer was chosen such that the head of the shaped-charge jet consisted only of Constantan, and the tail of copper, as determined from a thin section of the recovered slug. As a result, a copper–Constantan thermocouple was formed. At the moment of impact of the bimetallic jet on a target, the thermo-EMF signal was measured with an oscilloscope. The obtained thermo-EMF value corresponds to a temperature of 800 $\pm$ 80.