Thermochemical and energetic characteristics of DNTF and DNFF

Bis(4-nitrofurazan-3-yl)furazan (DNTF) and 3,4-bis(4-nitrofurazan-3-yl)furoxan (DNFF) have been studied as potential components of composite solid rocket fuels. Their heats of combustion and enthalpies of formation were determined experimentally. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the DNTF and DNFF crystals were orthogonal with the same space group $P$2$_1$2$_1$2$_1$. DNTF and DNFF were found to be ineffective in rocket fuels with a hydrocarbon binder; however, for compositions without aluminum and with an active binder, the use of DNTF provided a specific impulse of 254.5 s at combustor and nozzle exit pressures of 40 and 1 atm, respectively, and at a density of 1.77 g/cm$^3$, and in the case of DNFF, 258 s at a density of 1.79 g/cm$^3$.