Numerical study of laminar rich hydrogen–air flames with added ethanol

The propagation of fuel-rich hydrogen–air flames with added ethanol has been studied using numerical methods. It has been shown that the inhibition by ethanol is less effective compared to propane and propylene. The addition of ethanol leads to the effect of superequilibrium temperatures, but it takes place only at ethanol concentrations above a certain value. At the flammability limit of fuel-rich mixtures of hydrogen, ethanol, and air, determined by the Le Chatelier rule, the estimated maximum flame temperature is constant. The exception is mixtures with a small addition of ethanol.