Studies on jet formation and penetration for a double-layer shaped charge

An analysis for liner collapsing and jet/slug formation of a double-layer shaped charge (DLSC) is presented. Variations of the collapse angle, collapse velocity, and jet velocity of the DLSC are discussed. Numerical simulations based on the Lee–Tarver model are performed to have an insight into the jet formation. Ballistic tests are conducted using a conical (60$^\circ$) metal liner 56 mm in diameter to have a contrast with an ordinary shaped charge jet. It is shown that the collapse angle and velocity are both increased by the convergent detonation wave in the DLSC. The jet velocity, kinetic energy, and ballistic capability are significantly increased by using the DLSC, and the DLSC is an efficient way to improve shaped charge performance.