Pulse tunnel effect: fundamentals and prospects for application

In the first part of the article discusses fundamental aspects of the pulsed tunneling effect as a unified mechanism for describing tunneling phenomena in various fields of physics are considered. The main provisions of the pulsed tunneling theory developed by Keldysh are analyzed. The features of the effect's implementation in optics, nanoelectronics, perovskites and other materials are examined. The role of coherent radiation is shown. The prospects of regulating material properties and observing non-standard phenomena due to PTE are discussed. In the second part of the article discusses examines the subtleties of the pulsed tunneling effect as a fundamental mechanism of interaction of radiation with matter. The advantages of the ITE compared to the standard quantum tunneling effect are analyzed. Particular attention is paid to the role of radiation coherence and unidirectional polarization during pulsed exposure. The features of the manifestation of effects in optics, nanotechnology and biology are considered. The prospects for using ITEs to create new functional materials and effective technologies are shown.