Mechanisms for the origin of hidden synchronization of dynamic systems

One of the varieties of radio engineering systems is considered in the work, namely, a frequency-phase locked loop system FPLL. The mathematical model of such a system is described by a system of differential equations with a cylindrical phase space. For the FPLL system, the conditions for the formation of latent synchronization modes are defined. Despite the numerous works devoted to FPLL systems, the questions of finding hidden synchronization, determining the mechanisms of its occurrence, finding the conditions of bifurcation of cycles and studying their scenarios, the occurrence of complex modulated oscillations remain open. The conditions for the formation of hidden synchronization are the presence in the phase-locked loop system of the frequency of the beating modes, vibrational-rotational cycles, and the presence of multistability. By multistability we understand the coexistence of several attractors in the phase space, in particular, limit cycles can be attractors. One of the cases of multistability is phase multistability, when the attractors differ from each other by the values of the phase difference between the oscillations of the system. The phase space in systems with phase multistability is more complicated than in systems with a single stable limit cycle. In the formation of multistability, the decisive role is played by unstable limit sets corresponding to oscillations not observed in the experiment. In this regard, the development of methods for determining multistability and determining the mechanisms of its appearance is relevant.In connection with the above, the urgent task is to develop numerical algorithms that allow one to find complex modulated oscillations in radio engineering systems and determine the mechanisms of their occurrence.Analytical methods for determining the latent synchronization of the PLL system are proposed, which allow developing effective computational methods for studying mathematical models of radio engineering systems using computer technologies.