On the role of two thermodynamic postulates in the phenomenological construction of continuum mechanics

A general integral form of representation of five postulates in continuum mechanics, possible noncontradictory axiomatics of phenomenological construction of the fourth and fifth of them (namely, the laws of change of the internal energy and entropy) as well as the role of the Fourier law or its hyperbolic generalization in definition of temperature, are discussed. It is shown that in contrast to the statistical and molecular approaches, in this case, the internal energy and entropy of an individual (liquid) volume can be completely defined by specifying its source, flow through the surface, and production. Thus two thermodynamic postulates serve as definitions. The energy conjugate pairs of quantities of different physical nature and the possibility of expanding the table of postulates are discussed.