Tonal languages speech synthesis using an indirect pitch markers and the quantitative target approximation methods

Synthesizing tones plays an important role in text-to-speech systems of tonal languages. To accomplish this, the two important steps are to determine the pitch markers of voice utterances and synthesize $F_{0}$ trajectories for lexical tones. In this paper, we propose two efficient algorithms, one of them is to locate the pitch markers at the peaks of the cumulative signal of each voiced part of the input utterance and the other is to generate $F_{0}$ trajectories of tones with quantitative target approximation ($qTA$) parameters of $Xu$ model. The experimentation has shown that the proposed algorithms present pitch markers with high accuracy which has enabled us to generate tones with complex shapes