Controllability, observability, and dyality in dynamic after-effect systems

The proposed variational approach to problems in controllability and observability of linear dynamic systems [1] employs the tools of the duality theory for convex extremal problems. The newlyintroduced notions of approximative controllability and supercontrollability of a system with a deflecting neutral argument and their dual concepts of ideal observability of a conjugated predictive integral equation set are useful in restoring generalized system states under uncertainty. The principle of duality between control and observation in such after-effect systems in established and some its applications are described.