Compatibility, coordination, and optimization in active systems

For a basic model of an active system (a two-level statistical deterministic structure, Center fully in the know, independent active elements) the central basic problems in today's theory of active systems are classified and surveyed. Numerous problems in related fields are found to be similar; their specifics and differences are analyzed. For new fields in the theory such as coordination and coordination optimization in active systems, the discussion is supplemented with a more detailed report of the latest results in theoretical research and applications.